Fishing Reels Guide: Types, Uses, & Tips for Every Angler

Types of Fishing Reels

The variety of fishing reels available today allows anglers to choose the best option for their preferred style of fishing.

From fly reels designed for precision casting to baitcasters built for power and control, each reel type offers unique features tailored to specific techniques and environments.

In this section, we’ll explore the different types of fishing reels, their characteristics, and their ideal applications.

Fly Reels

Fly reels are specifically engineered for fly fishing, with a focus on line management rather than casting distance or retrieval speed. Their primary function is to store fly line and backing while providing smooth, controlled line release during casting and a consistent drag during fish retrieval.

Fly reels come in different sizes to match specific line weights, typically ranging from 2-weight for small streams to 12-weight for large saltwater species.

A key feature in fly reels is the drag system, which regulates line tension when fighting fish.

The two main types of drag systems are click-and-pawl and disc drag. Click-and-pawl systems are simpler, relying on mechanical resistance, and are often used for lighter line weights and smaller fish. 

Disc drag systems, however, offer superior stopping power and smoothness, making them ideal for larger fish and saltwater applications.

These drags use friction plates to distribute pressure more evenly, reducing the chances of line breakage during long fights.

Materials such as anodized aluminum and machined graphite are commonly used to build fly reels, offering a balance of durability and weight.

Large arbor designs are increasingly popular, as they allow for faster line retrieval and reduced line memory, crucial when handling large amounts of backing in saltwater fly fishing. 

Proper reel selection depends on matching the reel’s weight and drag system with the rod and line to ensure balanced, efficient performance in various fishing conditions.

Line Counter Reels

Line counter reels are designed for precise depth control and are commonly used in trolling applications for species like walleye, salmon, and lake trout.

These reels are equipped with a mechanical or digital counter that measures the amount of line let out, enabling anglers to accurately position their bait or lure at specific depths where fish are located.

This is crucial for maintaining consistent presentations, especially when fish are holding at particular depths or when multiple lines are deployed at different levels.

The counters on these reels are typically calibrated in feet or meters and can be reset to zero for ease of use. Mechanical counters use a gear system to track the amount of line being deployed, while digital counters may offer more precision and additional features, such as backlit displays for low-light conditions.

Line counter reels generally come in two types: level wind and non-level wind. Levelwind reels automatically guide the line evenly onto the spool during retrieval, preventing line buildup on one side, which can cause tangles or uneven drag. Non-levelwind reels require manual line placement but can offer fewer moving parts, making them slightly more robust in harsh environments.

When it comes to drag systems, line counter reels usually feature star drag or lever drag mechanisms. The drag system is crucial when trolling because it controls the tension applied to the line when a fish strikes, helping prevent break-offs during long fights. Star drag systems are simpler and more common, while lever drag systems provide finer adjustments and are often used in higher-end models or for targeting larger species.

Constructed from materials such as stainless steel, brass gears, and corrosion-resistant coatings, line counter reels are built to withstand the harsh environments of both freshwater and saltwater trolling. They are often paired with a braided line, which offers a smaller diameter and minimal stretch, ensuring better depth accuracy, and sensitivity to fish bites.

Spinning Reels

Spinning reels, also known as open-face reels, are one of the most popular and versatile types of fishing reels due to their ease of use and wide application in both freshwater and saltwater environments. The design features a fixed spool mounted parallel to the rod, allowing the line to be released in smooth, controlled casts with minimal resistance. This setup makes spinning reels ideal for lighter lines and smaller lures, which is why they are often used for finesse techniques targeting species like bass, trout, and panfish.

A critical component of spinning reels is the bail arm, which controls the line during both casting and retrieval. When the bail is open, the line is free to leave the spool, enabling long, accurate casts.

After casting, the bail is manually or automatically closed, guiding the line back onto the spool during retrieval. Proper use of the bail is essential for preventing line twists and tangles, a common issue with spinning reels.

The drag system on spinning reels is another key feature, typically located at the front (front drag) or rear (rear drag) of the spool.

Front drag systems tend to offer better durability and smoother drag performance, especially in higher-end models, due to their direct connection to the spool.

Rear drag systems are easier to access and adjust mid-fight but may sacrifice some smoothness and strength.

The drag system applies pressure to the spool, allowing controlled line release when a fish pulls, preventing break-offs and giving the angler better control during a fight.

Spinning reels are available in various sizes, from ultra-light models for small fish to larger, heavy-duty reels capable of handling larger saltwater species.

The reel’s gear ratio, typically ranging from 4:1 to 6:1, determines how much line is retrieved per handle turn. Lower gear ratios provide more power for reeling in larger fish, while higher ratios allow faster retrieval, which is beneficial for techniques requiring quick line pickup.

Material construction is another important aspect. High-end spinning reels often feature aluminum or carbon fiber bodies, which provide strength and corrosion resistance, while more affordable models may use graphite. The internal gears, typically made of brass or stainless steel, need to be precisely machined for smooth operation.

Spinning reels are typically paired with monofilament, fluorocarbon, or braided lines, depending on the fishing conditions and target species.

Their versatility, ease of casting, and ability to handle a wide range of line types and sizes make them a go-to choice for many anglers.

Baitcaster Reels

Baitcasting reels, commonly referred to as baitcasters, are high-precision fishing reels designed for experienced anglers who require superior casting accuracy and control.

Unlike spinning reels, baitcasters feature a rotating spool that sits perpendicular to the rod, which allows for direct control over the line. This design makes them particularly well-suited for casting heavier lures and targeting larger fish, as the angler can fine-tune the reel’s settings for optimal performance.

One of the defining characteristics of baitcasting reels is the braking system, which is crucial in preventing backlash (or “bird’s nest”), a common issue where the spool spins faster than the line is released during casting, resulting in tangles. There are two main types of braking systems: centrifugal and magnetic. Centrifugal brakes use friction to slow down the spool based on the force of the cast, while magnetic brakes adjust the resistance through magnets placed around the spool. Many modern baitcasters include a combination of both systems, giving anglers more fine-tuned control. Proper brake adjustment is critical for smooth casting and preventing backlash, especially when using different lure weights.

Another key feature of baitcasters is the drag system, which provides resistance when a fish pulls on the line. In most baitcasting reels, the drag is adjusted via a star-shaped wheel located near the reel handle. High-end baitcasters often feature carbon fiber drag washers, which offer smoother and more consistent performance under load. A properly adjusted drag is essential for controlling large, powerful fish and preventing line breakage during intense fights.

Baitcasters also use a thumb bar or release mechanism to engage the free-spool mode for casting. The angler must use their thumb to control the spool during the cast, applying pressure to the spool to regulate the line release. This level of manual control allows for pinpoint accuracy, making baitcasters ideal for techniques like flipping, pitching, and casting into tight covers.

However, it also requires practice and skill to master, as improper thumb pressure can lead to backlash.

Gear ratio is another critical aspect of baitcasting reels, with common ratios ranging from 5:1 to 8:1. A higher gear ratio retrieves more line per turn of the handle, making it ideal for fast-moving techniques like topwater fishing or burning spinnerbaits. Lower gear ratios provide more torque, which is beneficial for reeling in heavy lures or fighting large fish.

Baitcasters are typically constructed from durable materials like aluminum or carbon composites for the body, with precision-machined brass or stainless-steel gears for internal components.

High-end models often feature advanced ball-bearing systems for smoother performance and corrosion-resistant finishes for saltwater use.

Due to their design, baitcasters are best paired with heavier lines, such as fluorocarbon, monofilament, or braided lines, usually starting from the 10-pound test and up.

Their ability to handle larger lines and lures make baitcasters a preferred choice for bass fishing, pike, muskie, and other species that require heavy-duty gear.

While baitcasters offer superior power and accuracy, they are more complex to operate than spinning reels, requiring practice to avoid common issues like backlash.

Surfcasting Reels

Surfcasting reels are specialized fishing reels designed for long-distance casting from the shore, primarily used in saltwater environments to target species like striped bass, bluefish, and sharks.

These reels are built to handle the unique demands of surf fishing, which requires powerful casts to reach deeper waters and robust components to withstand the harsh conditions of sand, salt, and waves.

Surfcasting reels are typically larger than standard reels, featuring a high line capacity to accommodate long casts and the potential for hooking large fish. These reels are designed to hold significant amounts of monofilament, fluorocarbon, or braided line, with capacities ranging from 300 to 500 yards or more. 

Braided lines are often preferred for surfcasting due to their thinner diameter, which allows for more line to be spooled without sacrificing strength, and their low stretch, which enhances sensitivity during long-distance casts.

There are two main types of surfcasting reels: spinning and conventional (baitcasting) reels.

Spinning surf reels are more popular due to their ease of use and ability to handle lighter lines and lures. They feature an oversized spool that helps reduce friction during casting, allowing the line to flow smoothly and reach maximum distances. Spinning surf reels are also equipped with a strong drag system, often utilizing sealed carbon fiber or stainless steel washers to provide consistent pressure when fighting large, powerful fish.

Conventional surfcasting reels, while less common, are favored by experienced anglers seeking greater control and distance.

These reels offer superior torque and power, making them ideal for targeting larger species like sharks or rays. 

However, conventional reels require more skill to avoid issues like backlash, especially when casting heavy sinkers and baits long distances.

Many conventional surfcasting reels feature advanced braking systems (magnetic or centrifugal) to help control spool speed and prevent line tangling during the cast.

A critical feature of surfcasting reels is their gear ratio, which determines the speed at which the line is retrieved. Lower gear ratios (typically between 3.5:1 to 5:1) are common in surfcasting reels, providing more torque for reeling in fish over long distances and when battling strong currents.

This lower ratio is especially important when fishing in deep waters or when using heavy baits and weights.

Durability is another key aspect of surfcasting reels. Since they are used in harsh saltwater environments, most surf reels are constructed from corrosion-resistant materials like anodized aluminum or graphite. Internal components, such as gears and bearings, are often made from stainless steel or treated with anti-corrosive coatings to prevent rust and ensure longevity. High-end surf reels also feature sealed bodies and drag systems to protect against saltwater and sand intrusion, which can cause significant damage over time.

The drag system in surfcasting reels is engineered to handle high levels of stress, as surf anglers often encounter large, fast-running fish. A powerful, smooth drag system is essential for applying consistent pressure during long battles without causing line breakage. Many surf reels utilize multi-disc drag systems with carbon fiber or felt washers, offering both strength and precision.

Centerpin Reels

Centerpin reels are a type of fishing reel designed primarily for float fishing in rivers, particularly for species such as steelhead, trout, and salmon.

These reels offer a free-spooling design, meaning there is no drag system in place, allowing the line to flow off the reel smoothly with minimal resistance. 

The primary advantage of centerpin reels lies in their ability to present a bait or fly naturally, carried downstream by the current without any interference from the reel, which can be crucial in enticing wary fish.

One of the key features of a centerpin reel is its simple, manual operation. The reel itself consists of a large, rotating spool mounted on a central axis or “pin.” Unlike other reels that use mechanical drag or braking systems to control the line, centerpin reels rely entirely on the angler’s thumb for control during both casting and fighting fish. This hands-on approach allows for precise control over the line and makes the reel highly versatile in various water conditions.

The design of centerpin reels enables long, smooth drifts, a critical component when fishing for species that tend to hold in slower-moving water or deep pools. The reel’s free-spooling nature ensures that the float or bait can travel downstream naturally, with the current determining the speed of the drift. This lifelike presentation is often essential for success when fishing in clear water or targeting skittish fish.

Centerpin reels are typically larger in diameter than most other reels, with sizes ranging from 4 to 6 inches. The larger diameter provides two advantages: it increases the retrieval rate, allowing anglers to quickly take up line when setting the hook or reeling in a fish, and it offers better line management, especially with the thicker monofilament lines commonly used in float fishing. The line capacity of a centerpin reel is usually quite high, often accommodating 200 to 300 yards of 8 to 12-pound test monofilament.

Construction materials for centerpin reels are chosen for both durability and weight savings. High-end centerpin reels are often made from machined aluminum or other lightweight metals, which provide both strength and corrosion resistance, particularly in freshwater environments. Some reels may feature anodized finishes to further protect against wear and tear from frequent use in river systems.

Casting with a centerpin reel requires a unique technique known as “Wallis casting” or a similar style of sidecasting, where the angler manually controls the release of the line.

Because there is no drag or spool tension to manage the line, casting with a centerpin reel can be challenging for beginners. The angler must learn to control the reel’s free-spinning spool with their thumb to avoid line overruns, commonly referred to as “bird nests” or tangles. Mastering this casting technique allows for accurate and long-distance presentations, which is especially beneficial in large rivers or wide water bodies.

When it comes to retrieval, centerpin reels are usually operated by hand, and because they lack a drag system, fighting a fish is a more tactile experience. The angler must manually apply pressure to the spool with their palm or fingers, essentially serving as the reel’s braking system. This offers a high level of control but also requires skill to prevent the fish from running too far or breaking the line.

Inline Ice Fishing Reels

Inline ice fishing reels are specialized reels designed for vertical fishing through ice, offering a key advantage over traditional spinning reels by reducing line twist. This feature is particularly important when presenting small jigs or live bait, which need to move naturally in the water column.

Unlike spinning reels, where the line wraps onto the spool in loops, inline reels lay the line straight onto the spool, preventing unnatural spinning or spiraling that can deter bites from finicky fish, such as panfish or trout.

One of the defining characteristics of inline ice fishing reels is their direct-drive mechanism. When you turn the reel’s handle, the spool rotates in direct proportion to the handle’s movement, unlike a spinning reel where a bail system guides the line onto the spool. 

This gives anglers a more controlled, accurate retrieval and drop speed, which is especially important when trying to get the bait to the strike zone quickly or when targeting fish at specific depths.

Inline reels often feature adjustable drag systems that allow anglers to finely tune the resistance applied to the line when fighting fish.

High-end models may incorporate smooth, multi-disc drag systems, which provide consistent pressure and prevent line breakage during sudden runs from larger fish. Some reels also include an anti-reverse feature, which prevents the reel from back-spinning and ensures solid hook sets.

Another technical aspect of inline ice fishing reels is their lightweight design, often crafted from durable materials like graphite or anodized aluminum. These materials not only reduce the overall weight of the setup, which is critical when holding the rod and reel for extended periods in the cold, but they also offer resistance to corrosion and freezing in harsh winter environments. Some reels may even be constructed with cold-resistant lubricants in the bearings to ensure smooth performance in sub-zero temperatures.

The spool size on an inline reel is generally smaller than that of a traditional spinning reel, which is ideal for managing the shorter lengths of line typically used in ice fishing.

Many inline reels are equipped with a trigger or lever system that allows for free-spool operation, enabling the line to drop freely through the hole in the ice with minimal resistance. 

This feature is especially useful when trying to reach deeper water quickly or when following a fish’s movement on an electronic fish finder.

One potential drawback of inline ice reels is that they may not have as high a retrieval speed as spinning reels due to their direct-drive nature. However, this trade-off is often acceptable given the enhanced control and reduced line twist they offer. Some inline reels compensate for this by including a gear ratio around 2.7:1 or higher, allowing for moderate retrieval speed without sacrificing precision.

To further increase the reel’s functionality, many inline ice fishing reels are designed with spool tension adjustments that allow anglers to control the rate at which the line is released during the drop. This is crucial when using lightweight jigs or when targeting species that are positioned at varying depths.

Some reels also feature depth markers, which help anglers return their lure to a specific depth after marking fish on a sonar unit.

Lever Drag Reels

Lever drag reels are specialized fishing reels commonly used in big game fishing and deep-sea applications, where high drag pressures and precise control are essential. Unlike traditional star drag reels, lever drag reels utilize a lever mechanism that allows for quick adjustments to the drag setting with a simple push or pull of the lever. 

This feature enables anglers to easily increase or decrease drag pressure during a fight without the need for multiple turns or adjustments, providing a significant advantage when battling powerful fish like marlin, tuna, or shark.

The design of lever drag reels typically includes a gear train that is engineered for high torque and durability. This is crucial because the drag system needs to withstand the immense forces exerted by large fish during prolonged fights. 

Most lever drag reels incorporate a multi-disc drag system, which consists of multiple friction washers stacked together to distribute pressure evenly and provide smoother drag performance. High-end models may feature carbon fiber or ceramic drag washers, which offer lower friction and higher heat resistance, further enhancing performance under load.

One of the key technical aspects of lever drag reels is their drag adjustment range. Lever drag systems usually have a graphical or tactile scale that indicates the level of drag pressure set by the angler. The lever itself can be positioned anywhere along this scale, allowing for very fine adjustments. This is especially useful when a fish makes sudden runs; anglers can quickly dial in the appropriate drag resistance without losing the ability to control the fight.

The mechanism for engaging the lever drag is also crucial. Many lever drag reels utilize a “free spool” feature that allows the spool to rotate freely without any drag being applied. This is activated by pulling the lever back, enabling the line to run out freely during a bite. Once a fish is hooked, pushing the lever forward applies the preset drag tension, allowing the angler to control the fight. Some models also include a clicker feature that produces an audible sound when line is being pulled off the spool, alerting the angler to a fish taking the bait.

Another important aspect is the construction materials of lever drag reels. High-quality models are often made from corrosion-resistant materials like anodized aluminum or stainless steel, which are essential for withstanding harsh marine environments. The internal components, such as bearings and gears, are usually designed with high tolerances to ensure smooth operation and longevity, reducing the likelihood of mechanical failure during critical moments.

Lever drag reels come in various gear ratios, which dictate how quickly line can be retrieved. Common gear ratios range from 4.1:1 to 6.4:1, with higher ratios allowing for faster line retrieval.

However, a higher gear ratio may sacrifice some torque, making it crucial for anglers to select a reel that matches their fishing style and target species. 

Some reels also offer interchangeable gears, allowing anglers to customize their retrieval speed based on specific fishing conditions.

Closed Face Reels

Closed face reels, also known as spincast reels, feature an enclosed design that makes them user-friendly and ideal for beginner anglers.

The housing protects the internal components from debris, allowing for reliable performance in various fishing conditions. These reels utilize a fixed spool and a rotating bail system that is activated by pressing a button or trigger, enabling smooth casting with minimal backlash.

The closed face reel mechanism consists of a spool that is completely enclosed within a protective casing. To cast, anglers press the button, allowing the line to be released as the rod is swung forward.

When the button is released, the line automatically retrieves, simplifying the casting process and reducing the likelihood of tangles. This design is particularly beneficial for beginners who may struggle with the complexities of open-face spinning or baitcasting reels.

The drag system in closed face reels is generally straightforward, often utilizing a simple star drag or preset drag adjustment. This allows anglers to easily modify the drag pressure based on the fish being targeted.

While effective for light to moderate fishing, closed face reels may not provide the high drag capabilities required for larger species. 

Most models accommodate lighter monofilament or fluorocarbon lines, typically ranging from 4 to 12 pounds test. Due to their design, they are better suited for freshwater fishing, targeting species such as yellow perch, trout, and bass.

Overall, closed face reels offer an accessible entry point into fishing while still providing reliable performance for various fishing situations.

Reel Materials

When choosing a fishing reel, understanding the materials used in its construction is crucial for performance, durability, and environmental impact.

This section will explore the most common reel materials, the high-end options found in premium reels, and the growing trend toward eco-friendly and recycled materials. Each offers unique benefits, from lightweight strength to corrosion resistance and sustainability.

Common Materials 

Common materials in fishing reels serve various purposes depending on the application, balancing weight, durability, and cost. Aluminum is widely used due to its strength and resistance to corrosion, making it a go-to material for saltwater reels.

It provides a solid, rigid frame that can withstand heavy loads but adds more weight to the reel. Graphite, on the other hand, is lighter and more flexible, which can reduce fatigue during extended use. However, it is less durable and can warp under extreme pressure, making it more suitable for freshwater or lighter fishing applications. 

Plastic components are often found in entry-level reels, reducing weight and manufacturing costs, but they lack the strength and longevity of metal counterparts, making them less suitable for demanding environments. 

Stainless steel is often used for internal components like gears and bearings, offering high corrosion resistance and smooth operation. Together, these materials are chosen to balance performance, weight, and cost across different reel types and fishing conditions.

High-End Materials 

High-end materials in fishing reels are designed to offer superior performance, durability, and precision. One of the most notable materials is carbon fiber, which is often used in high-end reel frames and drag systems.

Carbon fiber is incredibly strong yet lightweight, providing a balance of rigidity and reduced weight, ideal for anglers targeting large, powerful fish without adding bulk to their gear. 

Titanium is another premium material used in high-end reels, especially for components like gears and shafts. It is exceptionally strong, corrosion-resistant, and lightweight, making it perfect for saltwater environments and high-stress situations.

Magnesium is also commonly found in high-end reels due to its extreme lightness, though it requires careful maintenance as it can corrode if not properly treated for saltwater use. 

Ceramic bearings are another hallmark of high-end reels, offering smoother performance and greater longevity compared to traditional steel bearings, as they are more resistant to heat and corrosion.

These materials significantly enhance the reel’s performance, longevity, and overall reliability in demanding fishing condition

Eco-Friendly and Recycled Materials

Eco-friendly and recycled materials are becoming increasingly popular in the production of fishing reels, driven by the growing focus on sustainability in the fishing industry.

Some manufacturers now use recycled plastics or metals, such as aluminum, to create reel frames and components, reducing the demand for virgin materials and minimizing environmental impact. 

Biodegradable materials are also being explored, particularly for non-critical parts like handles or knobs, to ensure that discarded or lost reels have a lower environmental footprint. 

Additionally, certain brands focus on using water-based paints and eco-friendly coatings, which minimize harmful chemical emissions during production.

This shift toward sustainability helps reduce waste and pollution, aligning with broader conservation efforts within the fishing community.

Reel Power and Gear Ratios

Reel power and gear ratios are crucial factors in determining the performance and efficiency of a fishing reel.

Reel power is often defined by the reel’s torque and its ability to handle larger fish, which is influenced by the gear ratio. The gear ratio refers to how many times the spool rotates with each turn of the reel handle. 

A higher gear ratio, such as 7.1:1, means the spool rotates 7.1 times for each handle turn, making it ideal for quick retrieves and fast-moving fish. Lower gear ratios, like 4.1:1, provide more torque, allowing anglers to apply more force when battling heavy or hard-fighting species. 

Choosing the right gear ratio depends on the type of fishing—higher ratios are better for fast, aggressive fish, while lower ratios are better for deep-sea or bottom-dwelling species that require more pulling power. Understanding these dynamics helps anglers match their reel’s power to the specific demands of their fishing environment and target species.

Importance of Gear Ratios

The importance of gear ratios in fishing reels lies in their direct impact on retrieval speed and torque, two critical factors that determine how well a reel performs in various fishing scenarios. 

Gear ratios define the number of spool rotations per handle turn, and choosing the correct ratio ensures optimal efficiency when targeting specific fish species. Higher gear ratios, such as 6.5:1 or above, enable faster retrieval, making them ideal for fishing techniques that involve quick presentations or fast-moving fish, like bass or tuna. 

In contrast, lower gear ratios, around 4.0:1, provide greater torque, offering more power to pull in heavy or resistant fish, like those found in deep-sea fishing. Understanding gear ratios helps anglers select the right reel for their needs, whether prioritizing speed or pulling power.

Power and Drag Systems

Power and drag systems in fishing reels are essential for controlling how much resistance is applied to the fishing line when a fish pulls. The power of a reel generally refers to its ability to handle strong forces, which depends on its construction materials, gear design, and drag system. 

A robust drag system allows anglers to fight large fish by applying consistent pressure without risking line breakage. Most reels feature either a front or rear drag system, with front drags typically offering greater precision and durability. The drag system’s capacity is measured in pounds, indicating how much force it can withstand before releasing line. 

High-quality reels offer smooth and adjustable drag, enabling anglers to fine-tune the resistance based on the size and strength of the fish. A well-functioning drag system ensures a smooth fight, preventing sudden bursts of pressure that could result in lost fish.

Reel Maintenance

Regular reel maintenance is essential to ensure longevity and performance. Cleaning and lubrication are key steps—after each fishing trip, reels should be rinsed with freshwater to remove dirt, salt, and debris. Lubricating key parts such as gears and bearings keeps the reel running smoothly and reduces wear. 

Proper storage is also important: reels should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, and preferably with drags loosened to prevent tension on internal components.

Common issues include worn-out bearings, line tangling, and gear slippage, which can usually be fixed by replacing parts or making minor adjustments. 

Finishing Notes

In conclusion, understanding the various types of fishing reels, their materials, power and drag systems, and proper maintenance techniques is essential for anglers of all levels.

By selecting the right reel for your fishing style and ensuring it is well-maintained, you can enhance your overall fishing experience and increase your chances of success on the water.